The Jaldhaka River: A Cross-Border Lifeline of Nature and Culture

The Jaldhaka River is a remarkable watercourse that flows across three countries India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh binding together diverse landscapes and communities. Known for its geographical uniqueness, fertile basin, and developmental importance, the river plays a crucial role in sustaining agriculture, energy, and tourism in the region.

Geography of the Jaldhaka River

The Jaldhaka River can be geographically located at 27.0297° N latitude and 88.8747° E longitude. It originates from Kupup Lake (Bitang Lake), a glacial lake in southeastern Sikkim in the eastern Himalayas. This pristine source sets The River on a Journey that crosses multiple borders, making it a true trans-boundary river.

Course of the River

  • Length: About 192 kilometers
  • Origin: Kupup Lake, Sikkim
  • Formation: Created by the confluence of three streams Bindu Khola, Dudh Pokhri, and Jaldhaka at Bindu village in West Bengal.

Path of the River:

  • Forms a boundary between India and Bhutan.
  • Flows through Bhutan and Indian districts of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, and Cooch Behar.
  • In Cooch Behar, it is locally known as Singimari.
  • Enters Bangladesh via Lalmonirhat District, merges with the Dharla River, and eventually joins the Brahmaputra near Kurigram.

This course highlights the river’s international character, connecting ecosystems and cultures across borders.

Tributaries of Jaldhaka

The Jaldhaka River is enriched by several tributaries that strengthen its flow:

  • Right Bank Tributaries: Murti, Naksal Khola, Sutunga, Jarda
  • Left Bank Tributaries: Diana, Rehti-Duduya, Mujnai

These tributaries contribute significantly to the river’s ecological and agricultural importance.

Significance of the Jaldhaka River

The Jaldhaka basin is one of the most fertile agricultural zones in the region, comparable to the Teesta Basin. Its significance lies in the diversity of crops cultivated along its course:

  • Upper Course (Sikkim): Ginger, medicinal herbs, oranges, pomegranates
  • Middle Course (Jalpaiguri): Tea plantations and corn fields
  • Lower Course (Cooch Behar & Bangladesh): Rice, jute, tobacco, bananas

Additionally, inter-river lands are used for bamboo and mat stick cultivation, while banana plantations thrive in the lower basin. This agricultural richness makes the river indispensable for local livelihoods.

Development of the River

A major development project on the Jaldhaka River is the Jaldhaka Dam, located at Bindu. Constructed for electricity generation, the dam has also become a popular tourist attraction. Its scenic surroundings and engineering significance make it both a resource hub and a destination for visitors.

Visiting the Jaldhaka River Valley

The Jaldhaka River valley is accessible through well-connected routes:

  • Nearest Railway Station: Malbazar
  • Distances:
    • 90 km from Siliguri
    • 135 km from Kalimpong
  • Route: From Siliguri, travelers can take NH 31 through the Dooars region. At Khunia crossing (between Chalsa and Nagrakata), a northward road leads to Jaldhaka, about 20 km ahead.

The valley offers breathtaking views of tea gardens, forests, and river landscapes, making it a hidden gem for eco-tourism enthusiasts.

Conclusion

The Jaldhaka River is more than a geographical feature—it is a lifeline that nurtures agriculture, supports energy generation, and fosters tourism. Its trans-boundary journey symbolizes the interconnectedness of nature and human societies across India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. For travelers, researchers, and locals alike, The Jaldhaka River remains a source of sustenance, beauty, and inspiration.

 

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